DNA and RNA

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, progressive, and hereditary muscular dystrophy about boys. The incidence of the disease is relatively rare, only amounted to one of 3500 male births. The disease is passed down through X-linked recessive, and only about men, while women are just as career. In the DMD there is a genetic disorder that lies on the X chromosome, locus Xp21.22-4 which is responsible for the formation of the dystrophin protein. Pathologic changes in dystrophic muscles occur primarily and are not caused by secondary disease due to central nervous system or peripheral nervous disorders. Distrofin is a very long protein with a molecular weight of 427 kDa2.4, and consists of 3685 acids amino.2 The main cause of degenerative processes in most DMDs due to deletions on the segment of the gene in charge answer to the formation of dystrophin proteins in the membrane muscle cells, resulting in the absence of such proteins in muscle tissue. 2 Erb2.5 in 1884 for ...

Noonan Syndrome is a genetic disorder that impedes normal development in various parts of the body. A child can be stricken with Noonan syndrome in a variety of ways: unusual facial characteristics, short stature heart defect, other physical problems, and sometimes mental retardation. Noonan syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation and are obtained when a child inherits a copy of the affected genes from the parents. It can also occur as a spontaneous mutation in children, which means there is no family history involved. The characteristics of children with Noonan Syndrome, among others: 1. Characteristics of the face -Early childhood. An infant with age less than 1 month seems lowly ears, short neck and at the back of the head low hairline -Childhood. Children have eyes stand out with the slope down and the nose is wide and round. Often seen the lack of facial expression. -Teens. At adolescence, her face is wide, usually the facial features become sharper and less promine...

Huntington's disease is a disease that attacks the nerve cells of the derivative on the brain. Damage to this brain worsen over time and can affect the movement of the body, the brain's cognitive functions (perception, consciousness, thinking, judgment), and the behavior of its victims. Huntington's disease was originally called Huntington's chorea (chorea "Greece means dancing). This is because patients often do uncontrolled movements that look like dance that tugs. The name of the disease is derived from the name of a health expert, namely George Huntington who is an inventor and explain about the disease for the first time in 1872. Huntington disease genes are dominant, so the kids of parents who suffered from Huntington's disease has a tendency to have the same disease. The Symptoms Of Huntington's Disease Huntington's disease usually causes disorders psychiatric, cognitive and motion with a wide spectrum. The first symptoms appear varies...

Tourette's syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder in which the patient performs a series of repetitive, unintentional, out-of-control, and sudden movements. These behaviors are called tic. Tourette's syndrome usually begins at age 2-15 years and is more common in boys than in girls. A child can experience tic at a certain age and is generally not very visible. Tic occurs in a disappearance and usually disappears within a year. In patients with Tourette syndrome, there are various types of tic for several times a day and last for more than one year. The initial symptoms of Tourette's syndrome are spontaneous or short-term seizures, sudden jerks, twitching noses, or even moving mouths. The symptoms of tics between one person and another can be different. Others have to bend or twist their bodies many times as their "character" tics. These early symptoms are usually seen first in childhood, with an average first appearance between the ages of 3 and 9 years. ...

The definition of dyslexia according to Critchley (1970) is the difficulty in reading, writing, and spelling (disotografi), in the absence of peripheral sensory disturbances. In the sense of not having weakness in hearing, vision, intelligence, emotional primer or environment less support. Dyslexia is a condition of learning disability in a person caused by difficulty in that person in performing reading and writing activities. Although having trouble writing letters and of course learning difficulties, does not mean dyslexia is an intellectual disability. In addition to affecting the ability to compose sentences, read and write, dyslexia also affects the ability to speak on some pengidapnya. While the development of standard capability remains normal, such as intelligence, analytical ability and sensory power in the sense of taste. Characteristics of Dyslexic Patients Having trouble learning the names of objects and sounds of letters. Spelling ability is inconsistent a...

Apraxia or dyspraxia is a speech disorder caused by motor abnormalities (muscular motion), which inhibits one's ability to move the tongue and lips properly to speak. Apraxia can also affect the process of chewing and swallowing. "Apraxic Speech" or apraxia words have many sound errors, and can sound interesting long and / or uneven, bobbing. Apraxia also affects the vocabulary or wording. Apraxia can occur in different forms. One form is orofacial apraxia. People with orofacial apraxia can not voluntarily perform certain movements involving the facial muscles. For example, they may not be able to lick their lips or wink their eyes. Other forms of apraxia affect a person's ability to deliberately move his hands and feet. The features that can be seen in kiddy apraxia are Vocal sounds are limited during infancy Error in vocal sound (a, I, u, o, e) Mistakes increase in longer words or more complex verses Groping (adversity on face and organ articulator) Los...

DNA to protein translation process   - This one-way flow of information from DNA to protein is called the central dogma of molecular biology. Information stored in DNA is copied to RNA (transcription), which is used to assemble proteins (translation). Each DNA strand is composed of sub-units called nucleotides or, “bases” for short.  There are four types of nucleotides – adenine, A; thymine, T; guanine, G and cytosine, C. An A always pairs with T, and G with C. Thus the two strands of DNA are complementary to each other. Nucleotides are arranged in a specific order on DNA – this is called the sequence of DNA.  This sequence is further sectioned into genes – a short segment of DNA that is made into one polypeptide (protein) chain. Cells convert DNA to protein in a two-step process. Transcription: DNA to RNA Transcription occurs in the nucleus. Transcription in the process by which RNA is assembled from a DNA template. To transcribe a gene, th...